The Efficacy and Safety of Daratumumab-Based Regimen in Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients with Renal Impairment / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with renal impairment (RI).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 15 MM patients with RI who received daratumumab-based regimen from January 2021 to March 2022 in three centers were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated with daratumumab or daratumumab combined with dexamethasone or daratumumab combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone and the curative effect and survival were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The median age of 15 patients was 64 (ranged 54-82) years old. Six patients were IgG-MM, 2 were IgA-MM,1 was IgD-MM and 6 were light chain MM. Median estinated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 22.48 ml/(min·1.73 M2). Overall response rate of 11 patients with MM was 91% (≥MR), including 1 case of stringent complete response (sCR), 2 cases of very good partial response (VGPR), 3 cases of partial response (PR) and 4 cases of minor response (MR). The rate of renal response was 60%(9/15), including 4 cases of complete response (CR), 1 case of PR and 4 cases of MR. A median time of optimal renal response was 21 (ranged 7-56) days. With a median follow-up of 3 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival of all patients were not reached. After treatment with daratumumab-based regimen, grade 1-2 neutropenia was the most common hematological adverse reaction. Non-hematological adverse reactions were mainly infusion-related adverse reactions and infections.@*CONCLUSION@#Daratumumab-based regimens have good short-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment.

Inappropriate Doses of Intravenous Polymyxin B after Renal Adjustment Lead to Treatment Failure

Sub-therapeutic doses, shorter duration of therapy, female gender, bacteremia, and renal impairment were among independent predictors of polymyxin B treatment failure. In this study, we found an association between inappropriate doses of polymyxin B (<15000 or >25000 unit/kg/day) and renal impairment. Inappropriate doses of polymyxin B were significantly associated with CrCl 20-50 mL/min (p = 0.021, ORadj 6.660, 95% CI 1.326, 33.453) and CrCl <20 mL/min (p = 0.001, ORadj 22.200, 95% CI 3.481, 141.592). By conducting sub-group analysis only using subjects with appropriate dosage, renal impairment was not associated with polymyxin B treatment failure, thus indicating that treatment failure was due to an inappropriate dose of polymyxin B, rather than renal impairment. In conclusion, renal impairment was not directly associated with treatment failure but was due to an inappropriate dosage of polymyxin B after renal adjustment

Factores psicosociales en la adherencia terapéutica del paciente en hemodiálisis / Psychosocial factors in the therapeutic adherence of the hemodialysis patient

La adherencia al tratamiento resulta una problemática que incide en los servicios de hemodiálisis y complejiza la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El artículo expone las características del paciente hemodializado y reflexiona sobre las conductas no adhesivas al tratamiento y su impacto sobre el estado de salud. Se discuten resultados de investigaciones realizadas en este contexto, identificándose que la relación médico-paciente, el tipo de tratamiento, los efectos adversos al tratamiento farmacológico que acompañan la terapia dialítica y las características personales del enfermo se establecen como factores con marcada incidencia sobre la conducta no adherente.

Adherence to treatment is a problem that affects hemodialysis services and complicates the quality of life. The article aims to reflect on non-adhesive behaviors to dialysis treatment and its impact on the health status of patients. Results of research carried out in this context are discussed, identifying the doctor-patient relationship, type of treatment, adverse effects to pharmacological treatment that accompany dialysis therapy and personal characteristics of the patient as factors with marked incidence on non-adherent behavior.

Uso do eculizumab na síndrome hemolítico urêmica atípica associada a comprometimento da função renal: revisão integrativa / Use of eculizumab in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with impaired renal function: integrative review

Introdução: a Síndrome Hemolítico Urêmica é uma doença rara e grave que se define pela anemia hemolítica microangiopática não imune, trombocitopenia e insuficiência renal aguda. Objetivo: identificar informações disponíveis na literatura acerca do uso do eculizumab no tratamento da síndrome hemolítico urêmica atípica com comprometimento da função renal associado. Material e métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. O estudo foi norteado pela seguinte questão: O que há na literatura acerca do uso do eculizumab no tratamento da SHUa com comprometimento da função renal? Para busca de artigos foram utilizados três descritores em português, inglês e espanhol. O recorte temporal foi de 2007 à 2017. Resultados:Inicialmente foram localizados dez artigos e após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados sete deles. Todos os artigos relatam melhora da função renal logo no início da terapia e não há consenso quanto a indicação de descontinuação do uso do eculizumab nesses pacientes, mesmo nos casos onde houve completa remissão da patologia. Conclusão: Ainda são poucos os estudos sobre o uso do eculizumab. Estudos dessa natureza tem relevante contribuição para o avanço da terapia em casos raros como a SHUa, tendo em vista que o uso do anticorpo pode aumentar a sobrevida e melhorar a qualidade de vida de pessoas acometidas com a doença.

Introduction: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is a rare and serious disease that is defined by non-immune microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Objective: To identify information available in the literature about the use of eculizumab in the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with impaired renal function. Material and methods: This is an integrative review carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. The study was guided by the following question: What is there in the literature about the use of eculizumab in the treatment of atypical HUS with impaired renal function? Three descriptors were used to search for articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The time frame was from 2007 to 2017. Results: Ten articles were initially located, and seven of them were selected after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Ten articles were initially located, and seven of them were selected after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. All articles report an improvement in renal function early in therapy and there isn't consensus regarding the indication of discontinuation of eculizumab in these patients, even in cases where there was complete remission of the condition. Conclusion: There are still few studies on the use of eculizumab. Studies of this nature have a relevant contribution to the advancement of therapy in rare cases, such as SHUa, since the use of antibody may increase survival and improve the quality of life of people affected by the disease.

Ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento de hemodiálisis / Anxiety and Depression in atients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis therapy

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento sustitutivo de hemodiálisis en la Unidad Nacional de Atención al Enfermo Renal Crónico- UNAERC-Guatemala. Población y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en una muestra de 86 pacientes, mediante una entrevista elaborada con base al test de Hamilton para ansiedad y depresión. Resultados: De la muestra estudiada 80 (93%) pacientes presentaron ansiedad o depresión; en su mayoría las variantes más severas, 42 (49%) ansiedad mayor, y 34(39%) depresión muy grave; 68 (85%) evidenciaron la presencia de ambos trastornos de forma simultánea. Se observó asociación entre el tiempo mayor a 12 meses en tratamiento de hemodiálisis y la presencia de depresión; (X2):10.23; V de Cramer: 0.34 y P: 0.037. Conclusiones: En la Unidad de Atención al enfermo renal crónico-UNAERC-, según la escala de Hamilton, nueve de cada 10pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento sustitutivo de hemodiálisis tienen algún grado de ansiedad o depresión, de los cuales más de tres cuartas partes presentan estos dos trastornos afectivos de forma simultánea y en su mayoría padecen sus variantes más severas (AU)

Alkali Therapy Attenuates the Progression of Kidney Injury via Na/H Exchanger Inhibition in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Metabolic acidosis is a cause of renal disease progression, and alkali therapy ameliorates its progression. However, there are few reports on the role of renal acid-base transporters during alkali therapy. We evaluated the effect of sodium bicarbonate therapy and the role of acid-base transporters on renal disease progression in rats with a remnant kidney. Sprague-Dawley rats consumed dietary sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium chloride (NaCl) with 20% casein after a 5/6 nephrectomy. After being provided with a casein diet, the NaHCO3-treated group had higher levels of serum bicarbonate than the control group. At week 4, the glomerular filtration rate in the NaHCO3 group was higher than that in the NaCl group, and the difference became prominent at week 10. The glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage indices in the NaHCO3 group were less severe compared with controls at week 4 and 10. The expression of the Na/H exchanger (NHE) was decreased, and apical reactivity was decreased in the NaHCO3 group, compared with the NaCl group. Endothelin-1 levels in the kidney were also decreased in the NaHCO3 group. Dietary sodium bicarbonate has the effects of ameliorating renal disease progression, which may be related to the altered expression of NHE in the remaining kidney.

Efeito do levosimendan em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica severa e agravamento da função renal / Effect of levosimendan in patients with severe systolic heart failure and worsening renal function

FUNDAMENTO: O levosimendan, um sensibilizador de cálcio, aumenta a sensibilidade do coração para o cálcio, aumentando assim a contratilidade miocárdica, sem aumento do cálcio intracelular. Recentemente foi demonstrado que o levosimendan era benéfico na melhoria da função renal. No entanto, fica por determinar que o efeito benéfico esteja relacionado em forma diferencial ao status renal durante o evento-índice. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se o levosimendan pode melhorar o resultado renal em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca aguda descompensada com e sem agravamento da função renal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco pacientes consecutivos que tiveram uma taxa de filtração glomerular reduzida e pelo menos dois dados consecutivos quanto à função renal, antes da administração de levosimendan, foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos, com e sem agravamento da função renal com base no aumento da creatinina sérica > 0,3 mg/dL. RESULTADOS: Uma melhoria significativa foi observada na função renal em pacientes com agravamento da função renal (creatinina sérica de 1,4 ± 0,16 a 1,21 ± 0,23 mg/dL, p = 0,001 e taxa de filtração glomerular de 48,9 ± 15 a 59,3 ± 21,8 mL/min/m², p = 0,011), apesar de que não houve melhoria significativa em aqueles sem agravamento da função renal (creatinina sérica de 1,29 ± 0,33 a 1,37 ± 0,66 mg/dL, p = 0,240 e taxa de filtração glomerular de 53,7 ± 17,6 a 52,9 ± 21,4 mL/min/m², p = 0,850). CONCLUSÃO: O levosimendan parece proporcionar um efeito de realce renal em pacientes com severa insuficiência cardíaca sistólica descompensada aguda e agravamento da função renal. Considerar esse efeito diferencial poderia contribuir a obter resultados renais benéficos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

BACKGROUND: Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, increases the sensitivity of the heart to calcium, thus increasing myocardial contractility without a rise in intracellular calcium. It was recently shown that levosimendan is beneficial in improving renal function. However, it remains to be established that the beneficial effect is differentially related to renal status during index event. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether levosimendan could improve renal outcome in acute decompensated heart failure patients with and without worsening renal function. METHODS: Forty-five consecutive patients who had a reduced glomerular filtration rate and had at least two consecutive data regarding renal function prior to administration of levosimendan were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified into two groups as those with and without worsening renal function based on an increase in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL. RESULTS: A significant improvement was noted in renal function in patients with worsening renal function (serum creatinine from 1.4±0.16 to 1.21±0.23 mg/dL, p=0.001 and glomerular filtration rate level from 48.9±15 to 59.3±21.8 mL/min/m², p=0.011), while there was no significant improvement in those without worsening renal function (serum creatinine from 1.29±0.33 to 1.37±0.66 mg/dL, p=0.240 and glomerular filtration rate level from 53.7±17.6 to 52.9±21.4 mL/min/m², p=0.850). CONCLUSION: Levosimendan appears to provide a renal-enhancing effect in patients with severe, acute decompensated systolic heart failure and worsening renal function. Consideration of this differential effect might help obtain beneficial renal outcomes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Reduction of kidney damage by supplementation of vitamins C and E in rats with deoxycorticosterone-salt-induced hypertension

We assessed whether cosupplementation of vitamins C and E has additive beneficial effects on reducing the kidney damage and attenuation of the arterial pressure elevation compared to administration of either vitamin C or vitamin E alone in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension. Forty rats were divided into 4 study groups and 1 sham-operated group. Unilateral nephrectomy was carried out in the study groups and hypertension was induced by deoxycorticosterone injection and 1% sodium chloride and 0.2% potassium chloride added to the drinking water. Vitamins C and E [200 mg/kg/day] or combination of them were administered with DOCA-salt for 4 weeks in 3 study groups. The effects of DOCA and salt and treatment with vitamins were compared in terms of blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, antioxidant activity of the kidneys, and renal histological changes. Four weeks of supplementations of vitamins C, vitamin E, and both in the DOCA-salt-treated rats had comparable significant effects in decreasing systolic blood pressure. Urinary protein excretion and histological damage did not significantly change with the combination therapy of vitamins C and E compared to the vitamin C or E alone. The renal levels of glutathione and ferric reducing/antioxidant power in combination therapy group were similar to the two other treatment groups and were significantly higher than non-treated group. Co-administration of vitamin C and E does not have an additive beneficial effect on reducing the kidney damage and hypertension compared to either vitamin C or E alone in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension

Hepatitis-B virus-associated nephropathies in adults: a clinical study in Thailand.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated glomerulonephropathy (HBV-GN) has been increasingly reported, especially in adults. In the present study, the authors investigated the clinical and histopathology features of patients who suspected HBV-GN in 24 patients and age ranging from 23 to 74 years (mean 43 years). Asymptomatic hematuria was the most common presentation (54%); followed by edema and hypertension at equal percentages of 50%. The nephrotic syndrome was presented in 43%, the nephrito-nephrotic syndrome in 3.5%. Clinically suspected rapidly progressive GN was found in 14%. Renal insufficiency was determined in 30%. The most common pathologic finding was IgA nephropathy (IgAN 29%), followed by membranous nephropathy (21%), focal segmental glomerulo sclerosis (FSGS 11%), membranoproliferative GN (11%), post-infectious GN (11%). Liver disease activity also tended to be mild or had no symptoms of hepatitis. The authors remission rates both complete and partial were 75% (higher than the usual report), notwithstanding treatment. The authors achieved a sustained complete remission in half of the patients (3 in 6 cases) treated with steroid alone and 2 out of 7 cases (28.6%) treated with anti-viral therapy. Spontaneous remission was demonstrated in 2 (1 with IgAN + FSGS, and 1 with post infectious GN) out of 6 patients (33.3%). None of the patients in both treatment groups turned to ESRD that occurred in 2 cases receiving non-specific treatment. Of note, all of the patients who received anti-viral therapy or corticosteroid and had complete follow up were in remission either complete or partial.

value of Hetastarch in prophylaxis against renal impairment in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] is an ominous complication of the late stage liver disease. Renal impairment in the course of SBP is a frequent event and constitutes the most important predictor of hospital mortality in these patients. Administration of intravenous albumin was applied for prevention of SBP related renal impairment and it reduced the incidence of renal impairment and mortality in comparison with treatment with antibiotic alone. Because albumin is expensive and not available in some settings, we worked to assess the possible use of Hetastarch and assess its beneficial effects in prevention of SBP related renal impairment. The present study was conducted on 60 patients with liver cirrhosis, ascites and SBP. The patients were divided into two groups: Group [1]: 30 subjects who received empirical antibiotic plus plasma expander for treatment of SBP and Group [2]: 30 subjects who received empirical antibiotic alone. The plasma expander chosen was Hetastarch [the colloidal solution hydroxyethyl starch [Haes-steril] in a dose of 500 cc every 8 hours/5 days [20 ml/kg B. wt/day] due to its relative less side effects on coagulation process. It was found that the administration of Hetastarch as a artificial plasma expander decreased renal impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The incidence of renal impairment was significantly lower among patients treated with antibiotic therapy plus plasma expander [13.3%] than those treated with antibiotic alone [36.6%]. Patients received Hetastarch showed maintenance of renal function allover the follow up period, higher urine output, better renal profile than other group not treated by Hetastarch. We concluded that treatment with Hetastarch was safe and effective and it can be considered as an alternative to albumin in prophylaxis against renal impairment in cirrhotic patients with SBP

O papel da heme oxigenase-1 na lesão celular desencadeada pelo sulfato de polimixina B em células LLC-PK 'K IND. 1' / The role of heme oxygenase-1 in the cellular injury caused by polymyxin B sulphate on LLC-PK 'K IND. 1' cells

A heme-oxigenase-1 (HO-1) é uma enzima induzível envolvida na degradação do grupo prostético heme, produzindo compostos com funções anti-oxidante, anti-inflamatória, anti-apoptótica e modulatória do sistema imune no rim. A importância de sua indução está associada à resposta adaptativa ao estresse oxidativo e à inflamação envolvidos na gênese da insuficiência renal aguda. O sulfato de polimixina B é um antibiótico usado no tratamento de infecções Gram-negativas e que apresenta um efeito nefrotóxico ainda não completamente elucidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a viabilidade e apoptose de células LLC-PK1 submetidas ao tratamento com polimixina B, com tempos de exposição diferentes, e pré-tratadas com hemin (indutor de heme oxigenase-1) ou protoporfirina de zinco (inibidor de heme oxigenase-1). Células renais de porco, LLC-PK1, foram cultivadas com polimixina B durante 24, 48 e 72 horas. A apoptose e viabilidade celular foram avaliadas usando diferentes doses do antibiótico: Controle (CTL, 0 µM); G1 (12,5µM); G2 (37,5µM); G3 (75µM); G4 (125µM) e G5 (375µM). O hemin (25µM) e a protoporfirina de zinco (10µM) foram administrados uma hora antes da polimixina B. Foram utilizados os métodos Acridine orange/ brometo de etídio (viabilidade) e Hoescht 33342 (apoptose). Os resultados demonstraram redução linear de viabilidade induzida pela polimixina B quando a dose e o tempo de exposição foram aumentados, isto foi confirmado pela variação inversa de apoptose. O hemin aumentou a viabilidade e reduziu apoptose na presença de polimixina B, sugerindo um efeito protetor da HO-1 neste modelo. O efeito observado para a protoporfirina de zinco foi semelhante ao descrito para o hemin. O estudo confirmou a citotoxicidade da polimixina B em células renais e constatou que esse efeito pode ser mediado pela HO-1 considerando o efeito obtido no tratamento com o indutor daquela enzima.

The heme oxygenase-1 is a inducible enzyme involved in degradation of the heme prosthetic group, producing compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflamatory, antiapoptotic and immune system modulatory actions. The importance of its induction is linked with the adaptative response to oxidative stress and inflammation involved in the genesis of the acute renal failure. Polymyxin B sulphate is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections by Gram-negative bacteria and that can induce a nephrotoxic effect that is not completely elucidated yet. The objective of this study was to verify the viability and the apoptosis on LLC-PK1 cells submitted to treatment with polymyxin B and previously treated with hemin (heme oxygenase stimulator - Hm) or zinc protoporphyrin (heme oxygenase inhibitor - ZnPP). LLC-PK1 cells were cultivated during 24, 48 e 72 hours. The apoptosis and the viability were evaluated using different doses of antiobiotic: Control(0mM); G1(12,5mM); G2(37,5mM); G3(75mM); G4(125mM) and G5(375mM). The hemin (25mM) and ZnPP (10mM) were given 1 hour before the addition of polymyxin B. It was utilized the Acridine orange/ Ethydium bromide (viability) and Hoescht 33342 (apoptosis) methods. Results demonstrated the linear rise of apoptosis, as the dose and time exposition were increased. This was confirmed by the inverse variation of the cellular viability. The hemin increased the viability and reduced the apoptosis in the presence of polymyxin B, confirming the protector effect of the heme oxygenase-1 in this model. Similar data were obtained when zinc protoporphyrin was added to the culture. This study confirmed the polymyxin B cytotoxicity and that this effect can be mediated by HO-1.

Proteción renal en pacientes de cirugía cardíaca con disfunción renal pre-operatoria: dopamina vs presión de perfusión / Renal protection for patients with preoperative renal dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery: dopamine vs perfusion pressure

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 17 pacientes con función renal preoperatoría alterada (creatininemia plasmática> 1,5 mg/dl) sometidos a cirugía con circulación extracorpórea. Los pacientes fueron randomizados a dos esquemas de protección renal. Grupo 1: Dopamina 2 ug/kg/min y grupo 2: Presión de perfusión elevada (70 mm Hg) durante circulación extracorpórea. Se midió filtración glomerular y flujo plasmático renal efectívo como clearances de inulina e 1251-hippuran, antes de la anestesia, durante la disección de la arteria mamaría, en circulación extracorpórea (hipotermia y normotermia), cierre del esternón y una hora del postoperatorío. Se midió además díuresís, electrolitos en sangre y orina, y clearances de creatinina, osmolar y de agua libre. La filtración glomerular durante la cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, fue signifícativamente mayor en el grupo dopamina. Hubo tendencia a la disminución de la filtración glomerular durante la fase de hipotermia en ambos grupos. Por otra parte, el flujo plasmático renal efectivo aumentó discretamente respecto del control durante hipotermia en ambos grupos. Se encontró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos durante cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, en volumen urinario G1 (2,00 ñ 1,67 mL/min) vs G2 (0,29 ñ 0,19 mL/min), osmolaridad urinaria G1 (370 ñ 11 mL/min) vs G2 (627 ñ 157 mL/min), clearance osmolar G1 (2,15 ñ 1,42 mL/min) vs G2 (0,68 ñ 0,37 mL/mín), y potasio urinario G1 (33,1 ñ 12 mEq/L) vs G2 (71,1 ñ 23,7 mEq/L). Estos hallazgos sugieren un efecto de la dopamina sobre factores prerrenales en estos pacientes, ya que en los pacientes que no recibieron dopamina los valores encontrados son sugerentes de vasoconstricción renal

El efecto de un inhibidor de la xantinoxidasa asociado a la inhibición reversible de la monoaminoxidasa en el daño renal por isquemia reperfusión / The effect of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor associated to the reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase in renal failure by ischemic-reperfusion

Diversas sustancias han mostrado efectividad en la protección del daño renal por isquemia-reperfusión. La inhibición de la xantínoxidasa (XO) por alopurinol (ALO) ha sido una de las más estudiadas. Previamente, mostramos el efecto protector de la Moclobemida (MOC), un inhibidor reversible de la monoaminoxidasa (MAO). El propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluar la asociación MOC + ALO sobre la función renal en un modelo de isquemia-reperfusión. Cincuenta ratas Sprague Dowley fueron sometidas a 60 minutos de clampeo de la arteria renal derecha y nefrectomía izquierda.El grupo I recibió MOC (100 mg/Kg) en cuatro dosis perioperatorias; el grupo II recibió ALO (50 mg/Kg) en una dosis previa al clampeo arterial y el grupo III recibió los dos esquemas (MOC + ALO). Los tres grupos tratados presentaron un descenso significativo de la creatinina plasmática en relación al control durante todo el período de insuficiencia renal (p < 0.001 para todos los días). Los grupos I y III presentaron una creatinina plasmática inferior al grupo II el primer día (grupo I: 1.64; grupo III: 1,51 v/s grupo II: 3,12; p < 0.001). Los grupos tratados con MOC presentaron una curva de insuficiencia renal más plana y una recuperación funcional más rápida. El grupo III mostró un leve efecto adivitivo. Se concluye que MOC es muy efectiva y superior a ALO en proteger la función renal. El efecto aditivo de la asociación MOC + ALO no es significativo en este modelo

Catéter subclavio de doble luz para hemodiálisis

Entre diciembre de 1987 y mayo de 1990 se colocaron en la Unidad Renal del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, 149 catéteres sublavios de dobble luz (CSOL), para hemodiálisis (HD) en 139 pacientes, los cuales representan la población de este estudio prospectivo (7 por ciento tuvo un segundo catéter). Ochenta y ocho (59 por ciento) pertenecieron al sexo masculino; la edad fue 36+-1.3 (ESM) años (rango 12-73). la indicación de catéter fue insuficiencia rena aguda (IRA) en 32 (21 por ciento) y crónica (IRC) en 117 (79 por ciento). Ciento veintisiete (85 por ciento) fueron colocados en el lado derecho. Su duración in situ fue de 20.1+-1.3 días (rango de 1-109); el número de usos fue 7.8+-0.5 (rango 0-41), para uso por cada 2.6 días. La experiencia global fue 3.001 días-catéter y 1.164 sesiones de HD. En 101 (68 por ciento) no hubo complicaciones; no se documentó por clínica, trombosis de vena subclavia. Las causas del retiro fueron: iniciación de uso de la fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) en 66 pacientes (44 por ciento), mejoría de la IRA en 17 (11 por ciento), transferencia a diálisis peritoneal en 16 (11 por ciento), muerte en 13 pacientes (9 por ciento), obstrucción del catéter siete (5 por ciento), desvinculación de diálisis siete (5 por ciento), septicemia en cuatro (3 por ciento) e infección del orificio de salida en cuatro (3 por ciento). Hubo 13 fallecimientos (nueve en pacientes con IRA), de los cuales sólo uno posiblemente se relacionó con el catéter (septicemia por Staphylococcus aureus). La frecuencia global de infecciones (sepsis y orificio de salida) fue de 11.4 por ciento. En un caso ocurrió paro cardíaco al retirar el catéter, que revirtió con las maniobras de resucitación. En tres casos se presentó hemotórax, pero no fue necesario su drenaje quirúrgico. Concluimos que el CSDL insertado por vena subclavia es un acceso vascular transitorio seguro y eficaz, con lleva complicaciones manejables y su durabilidad es suficiente para el tratamiento efectivo de la IRA ientras se recupera la función renal y de la IRC mientras se puede emplear la FAV